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Descriptive Statements:
- Analyze wave reflection and refraction at boundaries between different media.
- Analyze interactions involved in constructive and destructive interference, wave superposition, and the formation of standing waves.
- Demonstrate knowledge of resonance, harmonics, and overtones in oscillating systems.
- Apply knowledge of wave properties and behavior to explain wave diffraction, polarization, and the Doppler effect.
- Demonstrate knowledge of how technological devices use the principles of wave interactions (e.g., reflection, refraction, interference, polarization) to transmit, transform, and capture energy and information.
- Apply knowledge of the use of science and engineering practices in exploring and understanding content related to wave phenomena, such as developing and using models, planning and safely conducting investigations, applying mathematical concepts, and communicating and evaluating data and conclusions.
Sample Item:
Use the information below to answer the question that follows.
Dolphins can locate and identify objects by emitting sounds and analyzing their echoes. Dolphins produce a series of high-frequency clicking sounds directed toward potential prey
A dolphin receives an echo and determines the frequency to be lower than the frequency of the original sound.
Which of the following must be true about the motion of the dolphin's prey?
- The prey is moving away from the dolphin.
- The prey is stationary relative to the dolphin.
- The prey is moving closer to the dolphin.
- The prey is moving in a circle around the dolphin.
Correct Response and Explanation (Show Correct ResponseHide Correct Response)
Correct Response: A.
Descriptive Statements:
- Demonstrate knowledge of the production and propagation of electromagnetic waves.
- Demonstrate knowledge of various regions within the electromagnetic spectrum.
- Apply properties of electromagnetic waves to explain properties of visible light (e.g., color, intensity) and optical phenomena.
- Evaluate the strengths and limitations of the wave and particle models of light.
- Apply knowledge of the effects of mirrors, lenses, and prisms on the behavior of light (e.g., reflection, refraction, dispersion).
- Demonstrate knowledge of how technological devices (e.g., solar cells, medical imaging, communication technology) use properties of electromagnetic waves to transmit, transform, and capture energy and information.
- Apply knowledge of the use of science and engineering practices in exploring and understanding content related to electromagnetic waves, such as developing and using models, planning and safely conducting investigations, applying mathematical concepts, and communicating and evaluating data and conclusions.
Sample Item:
Use the diagram below to answer the question that follows.
A bi-convex lens with light passing through it is shown. The blue light converges closer to the lens while the red light, which entered the lens at the same point as the blue light, converges significantly farther away.
The diagram represents white light that is incident on a lens. Due to chromatic aberration, different colors of light have different focal points, as shown in the diagram for red and blue light. This can create a slightly blurred image. Which of the following optical properties best explains why chromatic aberration occurs?
- Total internal reflection occurs when the angle of incidence is greater than or equal to the critical angle.
- Unpolarized light can be polarized by passing it through a polarizing filter that aligns the electric field component of the light in a single plane.
- Destructive interference occurs when two waves of the same frequency differ in phase by 180°.
- The index of refraction for many materials varies depending on the wavelength of light.
Correct Response and Explanation (Show Correct ResponseHide Correct Response)
Correct Response: D.
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